Incest for Jung is not what Freud suggests – the source of problems as a child always longs for the infantile paradise of maternal protection, wants to return to that blissful state of union and problems arise from repressing this urge. On the contrary, for Jung, although feels like a problem, it is a mechanism devised by our psyche to accomplish the painful task of separation and evolution. In other words, as painful process as it is, incest is rather a solution, not a problem.
It is a known fact that some cultures encourage marriage between cousins. It is also the same blood marriage. So we probably shouldn’t perceive incest wholly and singularly as a sin arising from the same-blood sex. Besides, we may hold strong, incest like feelings towards food, which many times is the underlying cause of eating disorders such as bulimia, anorexia. Even more, in many religions, especially in all of the Abrahamic religions, on the verge of spiritual transformation, there are sort of fasting practices that involve abstinence from food. (Religious ritualic observances such as Lent, Ramadan and Yom Kippur). So the notion of incest has deeper and wider reaching twists and turns in our mind than we can realize.
Incest and Castration – Taming Inctinctuality
Jung, in his explanations of incest as a solution rather than a problem, points out two things:
First, while mother bond is absolutely necessary for a child, it is definitely a crippling quality for an adult. When a person can’t surmount the problems in life, especially fails this separation, the normal tendency is to return to the previous state of mind. This means regression of the psychic energy to the previous state, to the instinctual world. Such regression activates infantile attachments and relationships to the parental imago. But this time, the situation is different. The libido of a grown-up person is not that of an infant. There is already sexuality involved in the libido.
Apparently, such regression hinders mental, moral and spiritual evolution. It activates attachments to infantile bonds and habits, many times in an obsessive manner, full of rage, anger and madness. This incompatible situation gives rise to the feelings of incest, which is also closely related to the act of castration. In some myths even self-mutilation. Castration, and the rituals of castration across many cultures, in this particular setting, as weird as it seems, would mean symbolic sacrifice of instinctuality. In this case, sex, without doubt, being the most notorious instinctual act. Abstinence from food and sex, especially for religious purposes, would equally mean sacrifice or taming of instinctuality.
This leads us to the second point. As far as I understand – about which it seems psychology and philosophy agree – the consciousness is somehow devised to enhance and elevate upwards. Throwing incest on the way back is the devise to push that energy upwards. While incest would mean impossibility of re-creating the same infantile relationship with the parental imago at an adult age, castration symbolically means the necessity of “chopping off” that infantile attachment.
Featured image:
Attis
I know, the classical myth of incest is the one about the Oedipus complex. However, I didn’t pick that one for certain reasons. Firstly, just to widen the horizon. Incest is one of the major themes running thru many myths of different cultures. Somehow, only the Greek myth of Oedipus became the “it story” of this extremely complex process of libido transformation. Secondly, as we are looking at this issue from a different angle here, the myth of Attis sheds light on the aspect that is usually overlooked. With the myth of Oedipus, we always view this painful transformation from the perspective of the young son. This separation or the process of self-differentiation, on personal level, of son from mother inflicts immense pain and suffering.
Son-Lover of Magna Madre Cybele
Yet, the story is not merely about son separating himself from mother. On a deeper level and on psychological dimension, it symbolizes the separation or self-differentiation of the conscious from the rest of the unconscious content. It is about separation, evolution and elevation of the conscious from the unconscious. In part, this is the reason why this process is so painful.
In the case of the myth of Attis and his jealous mother and lover Cybele we see the story from the perspective of the tendencies in the unconscious as opposed to the perspective of Oedipus, the son. It was Attis’s mother, that “magna mater”, primordial mother who loved him immensely as mother, later jealously as lover, that orchestrated his death. Mother being the archetypal symbol of the unconscious, Jung considers, this myth should be understood as the processes happening in the unconscious. It was the unconscious that orchestrated the death of Attis, who symbolizes the fragile, young conscious with infantile attachments. To elevate to the next phase of life that infantile, mother-bound Attis should have died. Only then, the reborn hero can fully enjoy (also in a healthy manner) the well kept secrets of nature – the sexuality and the sense of power that comes with the ability to procreate. By the way, Attis is not the only God whose mother concerted his death. The cycle of dying, self-mutilating and sacrificed early Gods have something to do with this tendency of the unconscious like in this particular story.
Mother Attachment Rewired
Jung describes this painful process as “a natural, unconscious process, a collision between instinctive tendencies, which the conscious ego experiences in most cases passively because it is not normally aware of these libido movements and does not consciously participate in them”. (Jung, C.G.. Symbols of Transformation: 5 (Collected Works of C.G. Jung) (pp. 424-425). Taylor and Francis.)
If all gone well, the psychic energy (or libido) would be liberated from this already crippling attachments to elevate upwards. Once the the energy is cut off from the instinctual stratum (mother), the Mother Archetype gets projected on mother substituting objects. For example City, Motherland – all of them being container of life. While actual mother dependence would cripple life, such projection enhances identity and gives meaning to one’s attachments. And Viola, the terms are born – Citizenship, Mother Land, Mother Country, Mother tongue. No surprise, in many languages that have genders, these expressions are female.
PS. The article is based on the C.G.Jung’s ideas discussed in his book “Symbols of Transformation”.
Mother Archetype I
Mother Archetype II – Son Lover of the Mother Goddess
Mother Archetype III – Don Juanism
Mother Archetype IV – Homosexuality and Impotence
Mother Archetype V – Exaggerated Maternal Instinct
Mother Archetype VI – Home-Wrecker With a Mission
Mother Archetype VII – Shadow Daughter
Mother Archetype VIII – Mom Hater
Mother Archetype IX – Part Human, Part Supernatural
Mother Archetype X – Motherland
Mother Archetype XI – Teenage Crisis – Libido